The Bulgarian Flora is represented by 12 000 species of which 4 200 are higher plants. The natural vegetation covers more than 50 % of the land of the country. In Bulgaria there are 250 endemic plants which cannot be seen in other countries. The forests cover 30 % of the land. Predominant are the deciduous and leaf-shedding tree types such as - oak, birch, willow, chestnut, beech, ash, elm, maple, hornbeam. The mountains have a coniferous girdle of spruce, juniper, pine and the Balkan endemits of Macedonian pine and Heldrich pine. Interesting thick forests from tree and bush kinds can be seen along the valleys of the rivers in the northern and southern parts of the country. The evergreen vegetation grows in the most southern regions of Bulgaria.

In geographical respect Bulgaria is a bridge between Europe and Asia. The diversified relief and climate supports the wildlife. There are more than 35 000 registered animal species most probably accounting for half of the actual number. Most numerous are the insects - 30000 species. 1 200 of them are endemic animal species met only in specific regions. From them 790 are Bulgarian endemic species and 410 are Balkan ones. The vertebrates are completely studied and are 370 species of which 399 birds and 93 mammals. This makes Bulgaria one of the countries with riches biodiversity in Europe.